{"id":1329,"date":"2019-01-01T23:08:04","date_gmt":"2019-01-01T22:08:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.grafique.cz\/?p=1329"},"modified":"2020-03-23T16:08:41","modified_gmt":"2020-03-23T15:08:41","slug":"internet-kde-jsme-se-vzali-v-te-siti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.grafique.cz\/en\/webdesign-blog\/internet-kde-jsme-se-vzali-v-te-siti\/","title":{"rendered":"Internet… Kde jsme se vzali v t\u00e9 s\u00edti?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Web<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161ichni jsme se zapletli do jeho s\u00edt\u011b… Internet, nekone\u010dn\u00e9 spoje slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pavu\u010dina, pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e s\u00edt\u011b ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch lod\u00ed. Jak\u00fd byl jeho v\u00fdvoj?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

O historii Internetu a jeho v\u00fdvoji v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let u\u017e bylo naps\u00e1no mnoho slov. \u010cl\u00e1nky v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b odborn\u00e9, \u00faryvky, v\u00fd\u0148atky, n\u00e1zory, \u010dasov\u00e9 osy\u2026 Na anglick\u00e9 Wikipedii<\/a> je dokonce vytvo\u0159ena cel\u00e1 kniha poskl\u00e1dan\u00e1 z obsahu \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f k jednotliv\u00fdm hesl\u016fm t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se Internetu, kde \u010d\u00e1st o jeho historii vysta\u010dila na v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 stran. Co tedy ps\u00e1t v\u00edc?
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Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e1s te\u010f na mal\u00fd okam\u017eik napadlo prost\u011b zav\u0159\u00edt okno prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de s t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u011bc je tedy uzav\u0159en\u00e1. No.. po\u010dkejte je\u0161t\u011b chvilku.
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Probl\u00e9m s histori\u00ed internetu je toti\u017e ur\u010den\u00ed jej\u00edho po\u010d\u00e1tku. M\u016f\u017eeme br\u00e1t jednotliv\u00e9 kroky, kter\u00e9 vedly ke zrodu t\u00e9to \u201cs\u00edt\u011b s\u00edt\u00ed,\u201d bez kontextu v\u0161eho ostatn\u00edho d\u011bn\u00ed? (Mimochodem, slovo Internet v p\u0159ekladu znamen\u00e1 \u201cmezi – s\u00ed\u0165.\u201d) A kter\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost je vlastn\u011b ta st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed? Kter\u00fd rok byl opravdu zlomov\u00fd? Co m\u016f\u017eeme pova\u017eovat za onen kl\u00ed\u010d, podle kter\u00e9ho by se dalo jednozna\u010dn\u011b ur\u010dit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed m\u00edsto v \u010dase, kdy vznikl Internet?
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Je to snad uveden\u00ed prvn\u00edho webov\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1va\u010de<\/strong>, j\u00edm\u017e byl WebCrawler<\/strong> v roce 1994? V\u017edy\u0165 p\u0159ece k \u010demu je truhla pln\u00e1 poklad\u016f, kdy\u017e v n\u00ed nem\u016f\u017eete naj\u00edt to, co zrovna pot\u0159ebujete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nebo prvn\u00ed internetov\u00fd prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d<\/strong>, Mosaic<\/strong>, 1993? Nevyhnuteln\u00fd krok na cest\u011b za dne\u0161n\u00ed podobou online sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A m\u00e1me tu dal\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edky…
1991 World Wide Web<\/strong>,
1984 vznik dom\u00e9nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong> (nebo 1985 registrace prvn\u00ed dom\u00e9ny),
1982 p\u0159edstaven\u00ed TCP\/IP<\/strong> tehdy vyvinut\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b pro ARPANET.
Ale u\u017e do roku 1972 se datuj\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1tky emailu<\/strong> na ARPANETu.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A co \u017ee je to ten ARPANET? \u017de by onen hledan\u00fd odrazov\u00fd m\u016fstek Internetu? Za\u010d\u00e1tek jeho provozu nastal v roce 1969, ale u\u017e 1962 prob\u00edhal po\u010d\u00e1tek prac\u00ed na ARPANETu v DARPA. D\u016fvod? N\u011bjac\u00ed lid\u00e9 na za\u010d\u00e1tku 60. let cht\u011bli vyu\u017e\u00edt po\u010d\u00edta\u010de ve v\u011bd\u011b a arm\u00e1d\u011b pro sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed z v\u011bdy a v\u00fdzkumu. Tak vznikl ARPANET<\/strong> (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) vlastn\u011b jako experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), agentury, kter\u00e1 byla zalo\u017eena v roce 1958 s c\u00edlem zajistit USA n\u00e1skok v technologi\u00edch (zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch bojov\u00fdch). Tehdy se jmenovala ARPA. Odtud tedy n\u00e1zev ARPANET. To u\u017e je v\u00e1m pov\u011bdom\u00e9, \u017ee?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud se tady zastav\u00edme, vyvstane logick\u00e1 my\u0161lenka. Je Internet p\u016fvodn\u011b vlastn\u011b n\u011bco jako zbra\u0148? A dnes? Asi sp\u00ed\u0161 nepostradateln\u00fd spole\u010dn\u00edk v\u0161edn\u00edho \u017eivota oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed, nebo ne? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale poj\u010fme d\u00e1l. K \u010demu by byl samotn\u00fd Internet bez p\u0159\u00edstroje, na kter\u00e9m byste si dnes mohli \u010d\u00edst tento \u010dl\u00e1nek?  Nap\u0159\u00edklad v roce 1975 p\u0159i\u0161el na sv\u011bt Altaire 8800, prvn\u00ed opravdov\u00fd pc<\/strong>, v roce 1948 prvn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d<\/strong> a u\u017e 1946 ENIAC<\/strong> – prvn\u00ed elektronkov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d<\/strong> (v\u00e1\u017eil 30 tun). Necht\u011bjte v\u011bd\u011bt, co v\u0161echno bylo p\u0159ed t\u00edm…
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po t\u00e9hle kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 retrospektiv\u011b m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdrok, kter\u00fd v roce 1899 prohl\u00e1sil jist\u00fd \u010dlen vl\u00e1dn\u00ed komise patent\u016f, vypadat trochu z\u00e1bavn\u011b. Nech\u0165 je to v\u00fdstrahou pro na\u0161i nev\u011bdomost, inspirac\u00ed pro na\u0161i p\u0159edstavivost a bo\u0159i\u010d hradeb pro hranice na\u0161ich mo\u017enost\u00ed.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cV\u0161e, co mohlo b\u00fdt vynalezeno, ji\u017e vynalezeno je.\u201d
(1899, Charles H. Duell, \u010dlen vl\u00e1dn\u00ed komise patent\u016f)<\/em>

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pozn.<\/em>

P\u00e1r odkaz\u016f pro inspiraci:
Jednu z t\u011bch zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch inscenac\u00ed v\u00fdvoje internetu ztv\u00e1rnili na evolutionoftheweb.com<\/a>
Pokud m\u00e1te rad\u0161i video, zkuste https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9hIQjrMHTv4&t=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje:
Friedman, Linda Weiser and Friedman, Hershey H., Connectivity and Convergence: A Whimsical History of Internet Culture (July 9, 2015). Available at SSRN: https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2628901<\/a> or http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2628901<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u0161ichni jsme se zapletli do jeho s\u00edt\u011b… Internet, nekone\u010dn\u00e9 spoje slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pavu\u010dina, pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e s\u00edt\u011b ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch lod\u00ed. Jak\u00fd byl jeho v\u00fdvoj?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1331,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-webdesign-blog"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t